Relapse risk and survival benchmarks for non-transplanted acute myeloid leukemia patients in first complete remission

Survival outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who achieve complete remission (CR) without allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remain largely undefined, yet these benchmarks are essential for developing post-remission strategies. We retrospectively analyzed 362 adults with newly diagnosed de novo AML who achieved CR/Incomplete CR (CRi) (between 2016-2023) and did not undergo allo-SCT in first remission. Patients with APL and corebinding factor AML, which are rarely consolidated with allo-SCT, were excluded. The cohort was stratified by low-intensity (LIT, n=257) and intensive therapy (IT, n=105), and survival was evaluated across predefined subgroups. Median relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11 and 19 months, respectively. Venetoclax was associated with significantly lower 24- month relapse rates in both LIT (68% to 45%) and IT (49% to 27%) (p.