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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Molecular Additive Engineering for Process-Humidity Robustness and Reproducible Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
Muhammad Mohsin Saeed1, Hyoung Woo Kwon1, You Li1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH43606, USA.
Abstract:
The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) faces significant challenges due to their sensitivity to environmental humidity, which compromises film crystallization and device stability. Here, we introduce diphenylvinylphosphine (DPVP) as a Lewis base additive that enhances the performance and reproducibility of PSCs fabricated under ambient-air conditions. DPVP suppresses moisture-induced defect formation and stabilizes crystallization within realistic process-humidity ranges (20-40% relative humidity) commonly encountered in laboratory and pilot-scale manufacturing environments. It improves film uniformity, reduces trap densities, and yields highly reproducible device performance, enabling champion PCEs of 24.2% in small-area devices and 20.5% in blade-coated 12 cm2 mini-modules. Furthermore, DPVP-assisted modules exhibit enhanced stability, retaining over 85% of their initial efficiency after 900 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 65 °C. This study demonstrates a humidity-resilient and scalable additive strategy for ambient-air perovskite photovoltaic manufacturing.
