Clinician adopter profiles of behavioral mobile health apps: A two-profile typology for integrated primary care...

Mobile health (mHealth) applications can extend behavioral health care in integrated primary care (IPC), yet clinician adoption is inconsistent. This mixed-methods study examined IPC clinicians' attitudes toward mHealth apps, identified adopter profiles, and explored contextual factors shaping behavioral intention.

We surveyed 69 clinicians using the technology acceptance model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Survey results analysis used k-means clustering to identify adopter profiles. Semistructured interviews with a purposive subsample (n = 10) explored perceived benefits, barriers, and implementation needs. We integrated quantitative and qualitative results using joint displays.

Two clusters emerged: Enthusiasts (n = 25) and Skeptics (n = 44). Enthusiasts scored higher on behavioral intention and facilitating conditions. Interviews contextualized these differences: Enthusiasts emphasized clinical fit and workflow solutions (e.g., electronic health record integration and digital navigator roles), whereas Skeptics cited liability, relational concerns, and equity barriers (e.g., device access and digital literacy). Both groups endorsed apps as adjunctive rather than replacement tools. Mixed-methods integration highlighted actionable strategies: boundary-setting norms, curated app formularies, and equity-first implementation.

Adoption of mHealth in IPC depends less on persuasion than on enabling technical, organizational, and ethical conditions that preserve relational care and promote equity. Findings identify Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research-aligned strategies that strengthen team coordination and family-centered equity in IPC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).