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An activity-resistance trade-off constrains enzyme evolution
Alexander W Sarkis1, Jens Laurids Sørensen2, Teis Esben Sondergaard2
1Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453.
Summary
Fungal self-resistance to mycophenolic acid (MPA) evolved alongside a trade-off between enzyme activity and resistance. Pre-existing resistance to ribavirin-5'-monophosphate (RVP) may have paved the way for MPA biosynthesis.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Biochemistry
- Mycology
Background:
- Antibiotic producers face a paradox: evolving resistance before antibiotic production.
- Self-resistance genes in antibiotic producers remain poorly understood.
- Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an antibiotic produced by fungi that inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the evolutionary origins of self-resistance to MPA.
- To understand the relationship between MPA resistance and enzyme activity.
- To explore the role of pre-existing resistance in the evolution of antibiotic biosynthesis.
Main Methods:
- Phylogenetic analysis of IMPDH-B homologs in fungi.
- Characterization of extant and resurrected ancestral IMPDH-B enzymes.
- Enzyme activity assays and resistance profiling against MPA and RVP.
Main Results:
- IMPDH-B phylogeny indicates horizontal gene transfer events.
- MPA resistance evolved between ancestral enzymes Anc2 and Anc3, coinciding with reduced catalytic efficiency.
- A persistent activity-resistance trade-off was observed across all enzymes.
- Multiple IMPDH-B enzymes showed cross-resistance to ribavirin-5'-monophosphate (RVP).
Conclusions:
- The evolution of MPA resistance in fungi involves a significant trade-off with enzyme activity.
- Pre-existing resistance to RVP may have facilitated the evolution of MPA biosynthesis.
- Enzyme design constraints may necessitate maintaining resistance to multiple inhibitors.
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