Local Triamcinolone Injection versus Anti-Tuberculosis Triple Therapy for Non-Puerperal Mastitis: A Comparative Study

This study aims to compare the performance of local triamcinolone injection and anti-tuberculosis triple therapy in treating patients with non-puerperal mastitis (NPM).

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with NPM at the Breast Surgery Department of the First People's Hospital of Zunyi City between October 2021 and December 2024. Patients were categorized into the triamcinolone group and the anti-tuberculosis group based on the treatment administered. The remission rates, treatment duration, and drug-related adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

A total of 92 cases were included for final analysis, with 44 in the triamcinolone group and 48 in the anti-tuberculosis treatment group. The median treatment duration (41.50 (30.00-60.50) days vs 120.00 (90.00-187.50) days, P < 0.001), and complication rate (13.6% vs 66.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients of the triamcinolone group, while the remission rate (91.95 (81.62-100.00)% vs 82.35 (54.55-100.00)%, P = 0.029) and partial remission rate (97.7% vs 68.8%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pathological type (OR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.091-0.963, P = 0.040) and first affected area (OR = 1.099, 95% CI: 1.025-1.178, P = 0.008) were independent influencing factors of remission rate.

Intralesional triamcinolone injection appears to be associated with shorter treatment duration, higher short-term remission rates, and fewer complications compared with antituberculosis triple therapy in patients with NPM. Given the retrospective design, these findings should be validated in prospective randomized studies.