Tailoring disease-modifying therapy approaches across multiple sclerosis sub-populations

While advances in anti-inflammatory disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have transformed multiple sclerosis (MS) care, treatment recommendations are not necessarily applicable or uniform across all populations. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence on DMT selection in people with MS (pwMS) from diverse backgrounds and life stages, accounting for race and ethnicity, reproductive status, age, and sexual and gender identity. We highlight emerging data from clinical trials, post-hoc analyses, and observational studies, offering potential treatment approaches based on the available evidence. We also underscore gaps in current knowledge of DMT use across MS sub-populations, highlighting areas needing further investigation.