Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
Published on: July 30, 2011
Type 2 diabetes mellitus confers unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing esophagectomy
Xiang-Shu Pu1, Yu-Qi Wu1, Tao Bao1
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Changjiang Route #10, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-recognized risk factor for various chronic and acute conditions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T2DM on medical complications and long-term survival following minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE).
Methods:
A total of 906 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent MIE were included in this retrospective study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on preoperative comorbidity with T2DM. Propensity score matching was utilized to align baseline information between the two groups.
Results:
After PSM, 324 patients in the without-T2DM group (No-T2DM) and 118 patients in the Coexisting-T2DM group (Coe-T2DM) were ultimately included in the study. Compared with the No-T2DM group, the Coe-T2DM group exhibited longer total operative duration (225 vs 215; P = 0.039), more intraoperative blood loss (100 vs 60; P = 0.001), higher incidence of postoperative complications (56.78 vs 39.20%, P < .001), and more severe complication (29.66 vs 17.28%, P < .001). Furthermore, the Coe-T2DM group exhibited poorer long-term survival. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that T2DM was an independent risk factor that influenced RRFS, DMFS, DFS, and OS.
Conclusion:
T2DM may increase the incidence and severity of postoperative complications and adversely affects the long-term survival after MIE for patients with ESCC. T2DM patients undergoing metformin-free therapy and exhibiting poor glycemic control may potentially indicate a worse prognosis.
Trial Registration:
National clinical trials registry: NCT06333665, registered March 21, 2024.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
