Rational Design of Controlled Aroma Delivery Systems for Bioactive Applications

Links between aroma perception and regulatory function have been well established. In particular, fragrant molecules, with their distinctive aromas, possess the remarkable capacity to evoke sensory perceptions and produce a perceptual response. The physiological responses elicited by fragrances are fundamentally dependent on the controlled release of these aromatic molecules, underscoring the critical importance of release mechanisms. Here we provide the holistic analysis of the current landscape of aroma delivery systems (ADS) to reveal trends in controlled aroma release platforms development. We highlight rationales that fragrance nano- or microcapsules, fragrances releasing systems based on porous materials, profragrances design strategy capable of responding to environmental stimulus. In particular, we underline the advanced applications of these strategies in odor enhancement, bacterial inhibition, central nervous system regulation, and lung protection. We discuss how ADS can enhance olfactory appeal, modulate anxiety- and memory-related responses, inhibit pathogenic bacteria through synergistic effects such as metal-ion release, and contribute to lung protection by reducing cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress. On the basis of this analysis, we discuss strengths and limitations of current aroma deliver approaches and suggest areas for future development. We hope in doing so, the reader will appreciate the current challenges and available opportunities in the field.