Neuro-Behçet's Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: From a Case Report to a Systematic Review
Jorge Renau1,2, Iván Echeverria1,2, Ana Benito1,3
1TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Brain and Behavior
|July 24, 2026
Summary
Neuro-psycho Behçet's disease, a rare neurological and psychiatric complication of Behçet's disease, involves complex pathophysiology and requires integrated treatment. Understanding its clinical course and neurobiological basis is key for patient care.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
- Immunology
Background:
- Behçet's disease is a systemic vasculitis with potential neurological and psychiatric involvement.
- Neuro-psycho Behçet's disease, a poorly characterized subset, necessitates better understanding for interdisciplinary care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail a case of neuro-psycho Behçet's disease with manic episode.
- To explore pathophysiology, clinical features, psychiatric symptoms, progression, and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 42-year-old male with neuro-Behçet's disease and mania.
- Systematic review of 34 neuro-psycho Behçet's disease cases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase).
Main Results:
- Case showed multiphasic course: systemic, then neurological, then psychiatric symptoms.
- Review identified diverse psychiatric symptoms (psychotic, affective, behavioral) and neuroimaging correlations.
- Management combined immunosuppression with psychiatric treatments (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers).
Conclusions:
- Neuro-psycho Behçet's disease is complex, with inflammation potentially driving neurobiological changes.
- Parenchymal lesions correlate with psychiatric symptoms, suggesting shared inflammatory mechanisms.
- A biphasic model (vascular to neurochemical/structural dysfunction) explains disease progression.
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