Preparation, Structure, Stability, Bioactivities, and Application of Polysaccharide Selenium Nanoparticles

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Selenium is an essential trace element vital for human health, with deficiency linked to various diseases.
• Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) present a low-toxicity, high-bioactivity alternative but are prone to aggregation and activity loss.
• Polysaccharides, natural compounds with bioactivities, are effective stabilizers for SeNPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the preparation methods for polysaccharide-stabilized SeNPs.
• To analyze the structural characteristics and stability of these nanocomposites.
• To describe the biological functionalities and industrial applications of polysaccharide SeNPs.

Main Methods:

• Summarized chemical reduction and biological synthesis techniques for polysaccharide SeNP fabrication.
• Critically analyzed structural properties and physicochemical stability.
• Comprehensive review of biological activities and potential industrial uses.

Main Results:

• Polysaccharide modification enhances SeNP stability and bioactivity.
• Polysaccharide SeNPs exhibit significant antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects.
• Promising applications identified in food science, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.

Conclusions:

• Polysaccharide SeNPs are a promising nanomaterial with broad therapeutic and industrial potential.
• Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and optimize development.
• This review provides a foundation for future research and development in polysaccharide SeNPs.