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Surfactant-Decorated Microcrystalline Cellulose: A Perspective Filler for Denture Artificial Teeth
Sahar Jamal1, Saad Liaqat1, Alkhtani Fahad2
1Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK 25100, Pakistan.
ACS Omega
|July 24, 2026
Summary
Surfactant-coated microcrystalline cellulose (surfactant-MCC) enhances poly-(methyl methacrylate) artificial teeth by improving strength and hardness. This novel filler addition also reduces water absorption and boosts antimicrobial properties, suggesting improved denture material performance.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Polymer Science
- Dental Materials
Background:
- Poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a common base for artificial teeth.
- Improving the mechanical, physical, and antimicrobial properties of PMMA-based denture materials is crucial for enhanced clinical performance and longevity.
- Surfactant-coated microcrystalline cellulose (surfactant-MCC) has not been previously investigated as a filler in PMMA for dental applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of incorporating surfactant-coated microcrystalline cellulose (surfactant-MCC) into PMMA-based artificial teeth.
- To evaluate the impact of varying surfactant-MCC concentrations on the properties of PMMA composites.
- To assess the potential of surfactant-MCC as a novel filler for improving denture material performance.
Main Methods:
- Surfactant-MCC was prepared and mixed with PMMA powder at different weight percentages (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2%).
- Characterization included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements.
- Mechanical properties (compressive strength, hardness, flexural strength) were tested using a universal testing machine (UTM) and microhardness tester.
- Physical (water sorption) and antimicrobial properties were also assessed.
Main Results:
- The addition of surfactant-MCC improved surface homogeneity, compressive strength, and hardness of the PMMA composites.
- Water sorption was significantly reduced with the incorporation of surfactant-MCC.
- Antimicrobial properties were found to be good in the developed composites.
- Flexural strength showed a slight decrease but remained compliant with ISO standards.
Conclusions:
- Surfactant-coated microcrystalline cellulose (surfactant-MCC) is a promising filler for enhancing PMMA-based artificial teeth.
- The incorporation of surfactant-MCC leads to improved mechanical properties, reduced water uptake, and beneficial antimicrobial effects.
- These findings suggest that surfactant-MCC can significantly improve the overall performance and durability of denture materials.
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