Quorum sensing in chosen oral bacteria: A narrative review

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism enabling bacteria to inhabit countless habitats. Its role is mainly associated with the economization of gene expression, but also with gene transfers and biofilm development. There are 3 main QS patterns found in bacteria. This study examines intrabacterial communication mechanisms and interactions between 3 key oral bacteria: Streptococcus mutans; Staphylococcus aureus; and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive bacterium, contributes to dental caries by forming robust biofilms via extracellular polysaccharides and QS. Contrastingly, P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is implicated in chronic periodontitis through its virulence factors like gingipains, and its role in dysbiotic biofilms. Both species adapt to oral cavity conditions and influence the host's immune response. Understanding QS in S. aureus is crucial due to its high prevalence among the general population and healthcare professionals, along with the commonness of antibiotic-resistant strains. The cited research on its accessory gene regulator (agr) system demonstartes its role in the high tolerance of S. aureus to environmental stress. Recognizing these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to manage oral health and tackle periodontal diseases. This research highlights the importance of bacterial biofilm, intra- and inter-species communication, and the adaptive strategies of these pathogens.