Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Peruvian pediatric population

Dilan Suárez-Agüero1, Susan Espetia2, Carlos Augusto Yábar3

  • 1Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Revista Argentina De Microbiologia
|July 24, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance in Peruvian infants. Subtype B was prevalent, and 14.3% of infants had resistance mutations, primarily linked to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The global HIV/AIDS epidemic necessitates understanding viral genetic diversity and drug resistance.
  • Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (DRMs) compromise treatment efficacy, especially in vulnerable populations like infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize HIV-1 genetic diversity and identify antiretroviral DRMs in Peruvian infants under 18 months.
  • To inform HIV control strategies through molecular surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive cross-sectional study of 28 infant samples (2017-2018).
  • Analysis of proviral DNA and viral RNA using nested PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
  • Phylogenetic analysis for subtype determination and HYDRA/Stanford HIVdb platforms for DRM identification.

Main Results:

  • Subtype B was the predominant HIV-1 strain (89%), with circulating recombinant forms CRF17_BF and CRF89_BF also detected (11%).
  • Four out of 28 infants (14.3%) carried at least one DRM.
  • Common DRMs included K103N, V106I, V179E, and G190A, with 21.4% associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).
  • First detection of CRF89_BF in this age group in Peru.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-1 Subtype B and specific DRMs, particularly NNRTI-associated mutations, are circulating in Peruvian infants.
  • The detection of CRF89_BF highlights evolving viral landscapes.
  • Continuous molecular surveillance is crucial for optimizing HIV treatment and control in infants.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral drug resistance mutationsGenetic subtypesHIV-1Mutaciones de resistencia a los antirretroviralesPediatric populationPoblación pediátricaSubtipos genéticosVIH-1

More Related Videos

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...