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Leaching of Fe2O3 in Sauce-flavor Baijiu and its impact on trace compounds
Manjiao Chen1, Weiqiang Zhou2, Qianxi Jiang2
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhoulaojiao postdoctoral programme, Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd, Luzhou 646000, China.
Abstract:
This study investigates the release behavior of ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) in Baijiu and its regulation of flavor evolution. Kinetics analysis indicated the leaching process follows the shrinking core model (Ea = 44.52 kJ·mol-1), controlled by surface chemical reactions. Fe₂O₃ particles undergo surface erosion and amorphization, eventually recrystallizing into a FeOOH shell to form a core-shell composite structure. Electrochemical tests confirmed that this surface reconstruction alters interfacial electron transfer properties. The leaching of Fe₂O₃ significantly catalyzed pyrazine formation, resulting in a twofold increase in tetramethylpyrazine at 25 °C and a 107% rise in 2,3-dimethyl-5-isopentylpyrazine at 65 °C. The total ester content exhibited a 42.0% decrease under accelerated aging at 65 °C, compared to a 28.4% reduction at 25 °C. The migration and surface reconstruction of Fe₂O₃ facilitate the catalytic evolution of Baijiu compounds, driving the evolution and reshaping of its theoretical aroma profile based on OAV assessment.
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