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Sleep and Substance Use Disorders: A Primer for the Clinician
Davis C Thomas1, Jonathan Betlinski2, Anu Priya Guruswamy Pandian3
1Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
The Medical Clinics of North America
|July 24, 2026
Summary
Substance use disorders (SUDs) and sleep disturbances (SDs) are closely linked, with each condition affecting the other. Effective management of SUDs requires addressing associated sleep problems.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sleep Medicine
- Addiction Psychiatry
Background:
- Sleep neurophysiology and substance use disorder (SUD) pathophysiology share common neurotransmitters and neural pathways.
- Sleep disturbances are a significant consequence of SUDs and substance withdrawal.
- Existing research indicates a bidirectional relationship where sleep problems can predispose individuals to SUDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the intricate relationship between sleep disorders (SDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs).
- To highlight the critical role of managing SDs in the successful treatment of SUDs.
Main Methods:
- Review of neurophysiological and pathophysiological data.
- Analysis of existing literature on the interplay between sleep and SUDs.
- Examination of causal links between specific sleep disorders and SUDs.
Main Results:
- Significant overlap exists in the neurobiological underpinnings of sleep and SUDs.
- Sleep impairments are consistently observed during SUDs and withdrawal.
- Specific SDs, including insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are causally linked to SUD initiation and maintenance.
Conclusions:
- The management of SUDs is intrinsically linked to the effective treatment of comorbid SDs.
- Addressing sleep disturbances is a crucial component for successful SUD recovery.
- A comprehensive approach integrating sleep management is essential for treating SUDs.
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