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Peptic ulcer disease: Insights and risk factors

Haidar Houmani1, Islam Saidi1, Meline M'rini1

  • 1Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Obesity, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola Universite Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium.

JPGN Reports
|July 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children is often linked to Helicobacter pylori infection. Older age, certain medications, and H. pylori are key risk factors for pediatric PUD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects children and adults, frequently caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
  • Diagnosis typically involves upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) and invasive testing.
  • Risk factors for PUD in children, beyond H. pylori, are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology and etiology of pediatric PUD.
  • To identify associated risk factors for PUD in children.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case-control study included children (1 month–17 years) with PUD and controls.
  • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed between 2016 and 2022.
  • H. pylori diagnosis was confirmed via gastric biopsy culture and histology.

Main Results:

  • 335 children with PUD (14.2%) and 670 controls were analyzed.
  • H. pylori infection was significantly more prevalent in PUD cases (35.7%) versus controls (17.2%).
  • Independent risk factors for PUD included age ≥11 years, gastrointestinal bleeding, and concomitant medication use.

Conclusions:

  • Older age, concomitant medications, and H. pylori infection are significant risk factors for pediatric PUD.
  • PUD is a frequent and clinically relevant diagnosis in children undergoing UGE at a tertiary center.
Abstract

Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori infectiongastroduodenal lesionspediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

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