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Specific carbohydrate diet versus Mediterranean diet in adult patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: a

Albert Sheng-Yin Chen^1,2, Long H Nguyen^1,2, Brianna Gray³

¹Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Nutrition

|July 25, 2026

Abstract

Background And Aims:

This pilot randomized controlled-feeding trial compared the effect of Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) and Mediterranean diet (MeD) in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods:

Seventeen adults were randomized to a 6-week SCD (n = 8) or MeD (n = 9) intervention. Primary outcome was change in partial Mayo Clinic score (pMCS).

Results:

The study was discontinued early due to significant dropout (n = 9, 52.9%). There was no significant between-group differences observed for pMCS change (SCD, -0.8; MeD, -1.3; p = 0.499) or secondary outcomes. Exploratory metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of Parasutterella excrementihominis in SCD at week 10.

Conclusion:

In this pilot trial, SCD and MeD showed no difference in therapeutic effects for patients with mild to moderate UC. However, the study was limited by a significant drop out in both arms.

Clinical Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04398550.

Keywords:

mediterranean diet microbiome randomized controlled trial specific carbohydrate diet ulcerative colitis

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