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Association Between Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Concentrated Growth Factor Composition: A
Shakila Mahesh1, Alpa Gupta2, Rajat Sharma2
1Department of Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, School of Dental Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Summary
Uncontrolled diabetes significantly reduces key growth factors in Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF), impacting its regenerative potential. This highlights the need for better glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing CGF therapy.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Biomaterials Science
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) is an autologous platelet concentrate rich in bioactive molecules.
- The impact of chronic hyperglycemia on CGF composition, particularly its growth factor profile, is not well understood.
- Understanding these changes is crucial for optimizing regenerative therapies in diabetic patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify and compare Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), and Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in CGF from individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic controls.
- To investigate the association between hyperglycemic status and growth factor levels in CGF.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 80 participants (40 uncontrolled T2DM, 40 non-diabetic controls).
- CGF isolation using a standardized variable-speed centrifugation protocol.
- Quantification of growth factor levels via high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and statistical analysis (independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation).
Main Results:
- CGF from uncontrolled diabetics showed significantly lower mean concentrations of IGF-1 (~72% reduction), VEGF-A (~46.7% reduction), and TGF-β1 (~8.7% reduction) compared to controls.
- Reductions in growth factors were significantly correlated with higher HbA1c levels (hyperglycemia), not age or BMI.
Conclusions:
- Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to a significant depletion of key regenerative growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF-A) in CGF.
- The regenerative capacity of autologous CGF may be compromised in diabetic patients.
- Optimized glycemic control or adjunctive strategies may be necessary for effective CGF-based regenerative procedures in individuals with T2DM.
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