Targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Zebrafish-based investigations

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Microbiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS).
• MGBA plays a critical role in brain and gut development and function.
• Dysfunction in MGBA is associated with the development of neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular and neurobehavioral properties of Zebrafish as a model for studying MGBA.
• To discuss current discoveries in humans regarding MGBA's role in neuropathology.
• To highlight the potential of Zebrafish models combined with in vivo imaging for understanding gut-brain interactions in neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
• Review of molecular and neurobehavioral properties of Zebrafish.
• Analysis of existing research on MGBA in human neurological disorders.

Main Results:

• Gut dysbiosis and metabolites can lead to gastrointestinal inflammation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell infiltration into the brain.
• These processes can result in neuroinflammation, neuronal defects, and behavioral changes.
• Zebrafish offer a valuable genetic model for investigating MGBA mechanisms in neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

• The MGBA is a critical factor in maintaining neurological health.
• Imbalances in the gut microbiome contribute to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders.
• Zebrafish present a promising model for elucidating MGBA's role in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism spectrum disorder.