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Published on: August 23, 2022
Targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Zebrafish-based investigations
Bharti Verma1, Rahul Kumar1, Avani Sharma1
1SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, India.
Abstract:
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional signaling pathway regulated by the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, MGBA is crucial for normal growth, development, and physiology of the brain and gut of the host; dysfunction in MGBA has been closely linked with the development of neurological disorders. Gut dysbiosis and its metabolites modulate barrier permeability and cause gastrointestinal tract (GIT) inflammation, which is followed by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell infiltration into the brain, and vagus nerve dysfunction, resulting in neuroinflammation and neuronal defects in the brain, as well as some other behavioral defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and neurobehavioral properties of Zebrafish as a research model to study MGBA, as well as current discoveries in humans, highlighting the vital role of MGBA in neuropathological conditions. Using Zebrafish as a genetic model in combination with in vivo imaging technology may suggest some novel mechanisms for the interaction between gut microbiota and CNS, particularly in the case of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Insights
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is vital for brain health. Disruptions in this pathway are linked to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS).
- MGBA plays a critical role in brain and gut development and function.
- Dysfunction in MGBA is associated with the development of neurological disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular and neurobehavioral properties of Zebrafish as a model for studying MGBA.
- To discuss current discoveries in humans regarding MGBA's role in neuropathology.
- To highlight the potential of Zebrafish models combined with in vivo imaging for understanding gut-brain interactions in neurological diseases.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
- Review of molecular and neurobehavioral properties of Zebrafish.
- Analysis of existing research on MGBA in human neurological disorders.
Main Results:
- Gut dysbiosis and metabolites can lead to gastrointestinal inflammation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell infiltration into the brain.
- These processes can result in neuroinflammation, neuronal defects, and behavioral changes.
- Zebrafish offer a valuable genetic model for investigating MGBA mechanisms in neurological conditions.
Conclusions:
- The MGBA is a critical factor in maintaining neurological health.
- Imbalances in the gut microbiome contribute to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders.
- Zebrafish present a promising model for elucidating MGBA's role in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism spectrum disorder.
