Awareness is not enough: global evidence on breast cancer knowledge and self- screening practices among young women

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. The National Cancer Institute projects 30 million new cases and 15.3 million deaths worldwide by 2040. Early detection through screening significantly reduces mortality. Young women often perceive themselves as being at low risk, resulting in limited knowledge about breast cancer and low uptake of BSE.

This systematic literature review synthesises the existing literature to examine the research trends, levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer and BSE among young women. The study also examined the existing barriers and facilitators to derive evidence-based recommendations for increasing the uptake and practice of BSE.

Following PRISMA guidelines, literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Empirical studies examining BSE-related KAP among women aged 15-30 were included. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and thematic synthesis was used to appraise themes.

Young women demonstrated fair general awareness of breast cancer, their knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and screening methods was often limited. Mass and digital media were the primary information sources. Despite high awareness, BSE practice remained low due to informational, psychological, cultural, and behavioural barriers.

A significant gap exists between awareness and screening practice among young women. Targeted and culturally tailored educational interventions along with awareness campaigns are strongly recommended to increase the screening practices among young women.