Precise Catalysis and Immune Activation: New Strategies for Tumor Immunotherapy with Cascade Nanozymes

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• Tumor immunotherapy faces limitations due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and low tumor immunogenicity.
• Cascade nanozymes can mimic enzymatic activities to overcome these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the latest advances in cascade nanozymes for cancer immunotherapy.
• To critically evaluate design strategies and mechanisms of cascade nanozymes in immunotherapy.
• To highlight challenges and future perspectives in this field.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on cascade nanozymes in cancer immunotherapy.
• Analysis of enzymatic activities, reactive oxygen species generation, and immunogenic cell death induction.
• Evaluation of modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Main Results:

• Cascade nanozymes can regulate the tumor microenvironment, generate reactive oxygen species, induce immunogenic cell death, and modulate immune signaling pathways.
• These actions trigger innate and adaptive immune responses, suppressing tumor metastasis and recurrence.
• Challenges remain in achieving selective tumor cell killing and fully elucidating mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Cascade nanozymes show significant potential for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
• Further development is required to address challenges in selectivity and mechanistic understanding.
• This field offers promising avenues for developing targeted and efficient cancer treatment strategies.