Risk stratification, treatment patterns and survival outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A...

We analysed 1384 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients from 10 representative centres of the Chinese Myeloma Committee to provide an important modern real-world reference. Survival outcomes were verified by the National Mortality Surveillance System to ensure data accuracy. The median age was 62 years, confirming a younger age at onset in Chinese patients than in Western populations. Treatment patterns have evolved significantly: Lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVD) became the predominant induction regimen (51.8%), and upfront autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) rates in patients aged ≤65 years rose to 40.0% (vs. 20.0% in our previous multicentre study). In a subcohort of patients from two out of the 10 sites, the median progression-free survival was 44.2 months. In the overall multicentre cohort, the median survival was not reached during a median follow-up of 46.6 months, with an estimated 4-year survival rate of 66.4%. Using the 2025 International Myeloma Society (IMS) / International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Consensus Genomic Staging (CGS), 26.2% of patients were classified as high risk. Patients harbouring ≥2 CGS high-risk factors (3.8%) had significantly inferior prognosis. This study validates the 2025 CGS in an Asian cohort and suggests that the widespread adoption of modern triplets is associated with improved real-world survival, while highlighting the distinct poor outcomes in patients with multiple CGS risk factors.