Biomimetic Cascade-Responsive Natural-Synthetic Composite Hydrogel for Acne Lesion Microenvironment Modulation

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dermatology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Acne vulgaris is a complex skin condition involving inflammation, abnormal keratinization, and microbial imbalance.
• Current acne treatments often fail to address these multiple pathological factors simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a mussel-inspired hydrogel (HCM) for localized acne therapy.
• To modulate the acne lesion microenvironment by integrating multiple therapeutic functionalities.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a natural-synthetic hydrogel using oxidized hyaluronic acid and chitosan with dynamic Schiff base cross-linking.
• Grafting salicylic acid onto chitosan for sustained release and incorporating curcumin-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles.
• Utilizing near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for photothermal antibacterial and antioxidant effects.

Main Results:

• The HCM hydrogel demonstrated effective inhibition of *P. acnes*, *S. aureus*, and *E. coli* (up to 97.2%).
• In vitro studies showed good cytocompatibility, ROS scavenging, and enhanced fibroblast migration.
• In vivo studies in rats revealed reduced bacterial colonization, inflammation, edema, and promoted tissue repair.

Conclusions:

• The developed HCM hydrogel offers a multi-functional platform for acne treatment by combining photothermal therapy, sustained drug delivery, and anti-inflammatory effects.
• This strategy enables coordinated modulation of the acne lesion microenvironment, promoting healing and reducing inflammation.
• HCM presents a promising material design for treating acne and other inflammatory skin disorders.