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Positive Affect and Academic Skill Development Through ChatGPT in Higher Education
Bonginkosi A Thango1, Lerato Matshaka2, Alaa M S Azazz3
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa.
Summary
Positive emotions during ChatGPT use enhance academic skills by fostering positive attitudes and deep learning. This effect is strongest when students have a high learning orientation, suggesting a need for emotionally positive and learning-focused AI integration in higher education.
Area of Science:
- Educational Technology
- Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Higher Education Pedagogy
Background:
- Growing integration of AI tools like ChatGPT-4 in higher education.
- Need to understand factors influencing effective student use of AI for academic development.
- Theoretical frameworks: Broaden-and-Build Theory and Technology Acceptance Model.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the association between positive affect during ChatGPT-4 use and perceived academic skill development.
- Examine the mediating role of attitudes toward ChatGPT.
- Analyze the moderating role of learning orientation.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative analysis of data from 12,035 active ChatGPT-using students across 135 countries.
- Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping (200 resamples).
Main Results:
- Positive affect positively correlates with academic skill development (β = 0.199, p < 0.001) and positive attitude (β = 0.267, p < 0.001).
- Attitude significantly predicts skill development (β = 0.354, p < 0.001), partially mediating the affect-skill relationship (β = 0.095, p < 0.001).
- Learning orientation negatively moderates both pathways, indicating a desirable difficulty effect.
Conclusions:
- Positive affect and positive attitudes toward ChatGPT are crucial for academic skill development.
- High learning orientation enhances AI's effectiveness, reducing the need for extensive scaffolding.
- Effective AI integration requires fostering emotionally positive and learning-oriented student engagement.
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