Advances in Optical Fiber Sensors for Multi-Analyte Biochemical Detection

Optical fiber multi-analyte biosensors have become an important cutting-edge technology for the simultaneous detection of multiple biochemical substances in complex samples due to their unique advantages such as small size, anti-interference capability, and remote and label-free detection. This paper systematically reviews the recent research progress of optical fiber multi-analyte biosensors in the field of simultaneous detection of various types of targets. The review is organized by detection target type and elaborates on the simultaneous detection of biomarkers and proteins, viruses and bacteria, biological metabolites and nutrients, heavy metal ions, gases, organic pollutants, cells, and mixed detection of different types of biochemical substances. The advantages and disadvantages of existing optical fiber multi-analyte biosensors are summarized. Key technical challenges are also discussed, including issues of selectivity, long-term stability, real-sample validation, and system integration that currently hinder practical deployment. Finally, the future challenges and development directions of optical fiber multi-analyte biosensors are briefly discussed, providing references for relevant research teams.