Towards a Multidimensional Model of Neurocognitive Disorders (MOND Model): Integrating Evidence from a Critical...

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Psychiatry
• Gerontology

Background:

• Current neurocognitive disorder (ND) diagnosis relies on fragmented data.
• Existing diagnostic approaches for conditions like Alzheimer's disease show limitations.
• Methodological heterogeneity and lack of standardized thresholds hinder accurate ND diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review existing literature on neurocognitive disorder diagnosis.
• To identify key dimensions and limitations in current ND diagnostic practices.
• To propose a novel, comprehensive model for diagnosing neurocognitive disorders.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review of PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
• Inclusion of systematic reviews and meta-analyses focusing on ND diagnosis.
• Critical analysis and conceptual integration of 88 selected studies.

Main Results:

• Literature predominantly focuses on isolated diagnostic domains, particularly Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
• Consistent limitations identified include methodological heterogeneity, non-standardized thresholds, and limited clinical applicability.
• A gap exists in transdiagnostic, multidimensional approaches to ND diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• The proposed Multidimensional Model of Neurocognitive Disorders (MOND model) offers a transdiagnostic framework.
• The MOND model integrates biological, neurocognitive, functional, and socio-environmental dimensions.
• This model can advance research, classification, prognosis, and personalized interventions for diverse neurocognitive disorder trajectories.