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Imaging-Based Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Current Evidence and
Èlia Rifé-Pardo1, Sara Sóñora-López1, Guillem Casas1,2,3
1Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging. Cardiac imaging offers advanced predictors, improving risk assessment beyond conventional methods.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
- Genetics
Background:
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited heart muscle disease.
- It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) across all ages.
- Current risk stratification methods for SCD in HCM are insufficient due to disease heterogeneity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize imaging-derived predictors of SCD in HCM.
- To review established and advanced cardiac imaging techniques for risk stratification.
- To highlight future directions for precision SCD risk assessment in HCM.
Main Methods:
- Review of established echocardiographic markers (wall thickness, ejection fraction, outflow tract obstruction).
- Examination of advanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters (late gadolinium enhancement, apical aneurysm).
- Discussion of emerging imaging biomarkers (extracellular volume, quantitative mapping, strain abnormalities).
Main Results:
- Cardiac imaging provides detailed structural, functional, and tissue data crucial for SCD prediction in HCM.
- Established echocardiographic and advanced CMR parameters are key predictors.
- Emerging techniques show promise for refining risk stratification.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac imaging is pivotal for improving SCD risk stratification in HCM.
- Integrating imaging biomarkers with pathophysiological mechanisms enhances precision.
- Further research is needed to fully leverage advanced imaging for HCM management.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
