Post-Mortem Effects as a Variation Factor in Lachesis muta Venom

Snakebite incidents could occur even with deceased animals due to improper animal manipulation, since the venom may retain biochemical activity. However, it is unclear what alterations death may cause in snake venom, because even in well-preserved genera, such as Lachesis, venom is susceptible to variation due to several factors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compare Lachesis muta venom characteristics before and after its death. The investigation encompasses protein profile analyses, immune recognition by antivenom, and enzymatic and biological activities. Venom samples were collected from the same individual at three distinct time points: two samples while the specimen was alive and a sample post-mortem. In RP-HPLC, a shift in peak intensity was observed in the peptide and protease elution regions. The post-mortem sample presented more PLA₂ and LAAO enzymatic activities and a decrease in the coagulation capacity. All samples were well immuno-recognized by anti-Bothrops/Lachesis serum. Data suggest that L. muta venom maintains its functional and immunological integrity throughout senescence and following the animal's death. The preservation of its biochemical properties supports the clinical relevance of accidents involving dead snakes and justifies the inclusion of such venoms in antivenom manufacturing protocols, providing a strategic alternative during supply shortages.