Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
Published on: June 10, 2025
On-Ice and Off-Ice Linear Sprint Performance Across Competitive Levels in Ice Hockey Players: Insights from
Dominik Jablonka1, Aaron Uthoff2, Steven Eustace3
1Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Setanta College, Limerick Business Complex, Keating Road, Raheen Industrial Estate, V94 Y3Y1 Limerick, Ireland.
Abstract:
Linear speed is a key performance determinant in ice hockey, yet no studies have compared continuous on-ice and off-ice velocity profiles across multiple competitive levels. This study examined continuous velocity curves and discrete sprint variables during 20 m on-ice (skating) and off-ice (running) sprints across three competitive levels. Sixty male ice hockey players (A-Team n = 20, U20A n = 20, U20B n = 20) completed maximal 20 m sprints in both conditions using a motorized resistance device. Bayesian analyses were used to evaluate continuous velocity profiles and discrete variables. Posterior estimates consistently favored greater off-ice velocity profiles than on-ice velocity profiles across all groups, particularly during the early portion of the sprint (P(diff) ~85%), although the practical meaningfulness of these differences remained uncertain. Discrete sprint variables showed stronger and more consistent practically meaningful differences (P(diff > SWC) = 66-99%). Between-group comparisons suggested a competitive hierarchy, with posterior estimates favoring greater velocity values in adults than lower competitive-level late adolescents (P(diff) ~87%). Practitioners should consider potential differences between on-ice and off-ice sprint performance and hierarchical trends across competitive levels when structuring training and assessment. Continuous velocity profiling may provide additional insight into velocity-development patterns, whereas discrete metrics may be more appropriate for routine team-level monitoring.
Related Concept Videos
Velocity Potential
Instantaneous Velocity - I
Velocity and Position by Graphical Method
Instantaneous Velocity - II
Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors
Average Velocity

