Effect of photobiomodulation on trapezius myofascial pain: a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial

To investigate the effect of 16 J of 808 nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain in individuals with trapezius trigger points (TPs). Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial conducted with 52 adults (≥ 18 years) with chronic trapezius pain and TPs. Participants were assigned to the LLLT group (808 nm, 16 J per TP) or the sham group (same protocol without emission). Both received eight sessions over four weeks. Outcomes included pain perception, number of TPs, cervical function, skin temperature, global perceived effect, and adverse events. Randomization was concealed from evaluators and participants. Repeated measures ANOVA (SPSS 21) was used for analysis. No significant differences were found between groups for pain [F(2,100) = 1.21; p = 0.30, η2 = 0.024], TPs [F(1.09,54.27) = 0.35; p = 0.57, η2 = 0.007], cervical skin temperature [F(1.79,89.65) = 0.79; p = 0.45, η2 = 0.042], trapezius temperature [F(2,100) = 1.09; p = 0.34, η2 = 0.021], or global perceived effect [F(1.44) = 1.91; p = 0.17, η2 = 0.029]. Cervical function improved significantly in the LLLT group [F(1.36,67.73) = 3.75; p = 0.04, η2 = 0.070]. Adverse effects were mild and infrequent, mainly warmth. Both groups reported clinically relevant pain reduction. LLLT at 16 J per TP with 808 nm was not superior to placebo for pain, TP count, or skin temperature. However, it improved cervical function, suggesting a functional benefit. Registration: july 18, 2022 on the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC - RBR-10m474jv).