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Neurobehavioral, sleep and bladder dysfunction in children with primary nocturnal enuresis

Saodatkhon Salikhova1,2, Yakuthon Madjidova3, Kamala Salikhova4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan. saodatkhamidova@yahoo.com.

World Journal of Urology
|July 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in children is linked to more ADHD symptoms, sleep issues, and bladder problems. Comprehensive assessment is crucial for effective PNE management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a complex condition influenced by neurodevelopment, sleep, and bladder function.
  • Understanding comorbidities is key to managing PNE effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize neurobehavioral, sleep, neurophysiological, and lower urinary tract comorbidities in children with PNE.
  • To compare these comorbidities with age-matched controls without PNE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparative study of 128 children with PNE and 30 controls.
  • Reviewed medical records for demographics, family history, bowel habits, sleep disorders, uroflowmetry, EEG, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • Assessed ADHD symptoms using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV.

Main Results:

  • Children with PNE showed significantly higher rates of ADHD symptoms (50.0% vs. 20.0%).
  • Common comorbidities included sleep-related upper airway abnormalities (e.g., tonsillar hypertrophy 28.9%) and overactive bladder symptoms (33.6%).
  • EEG revealed immature alpha rhythm more frequently in the PNE group (49.2% vs. 23.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Children with PNE exhibit a multidimensional clinical phenotype.
  • Higher prevalence of ADHD, sleep-disordered breathing, lower urinary tract dysfunction, and EEG abnormalities observed in PNE.
  • Highlights the need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary evaluation for children with PNE.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDChildrenElectroencephalographyImmature alpha rhythmOveractive bladderPrimary nocturnal enuresisSleep-disordered breathing

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