Low-Temperature All-Solid-State Batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit poor performance in sub-zero conditions due to limited ionic mobility in liquid electrolytes.
• All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising alternatives, utilizing solid electrolytes for improved safety and low-temperature ionic conductivity.
• Current ASSBs face challenges like interfacial degradation and mechanical instability at extremely low temperatures, hindering practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development, current challenges, and recent advancements in low-temperature performance of ASSBs.
• To systematically investigate key ASSB components (solid electrolytes, cathodes, anodes) for low-temperature operation.
• To highlight strategies and future perspectives for enhancing ASSB reliability in harsh, cold environments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical developments and recent progress in ASSB technology.
• Systematic investigation of solid electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes for low-temperature performance.
• Analysis of interfacial phenomena and mechanical stability issues in ASSBs at low temperatures.

Main Results:

• ASSBs demonstrate potential for high ionic conductivity, temperature stability, and safety at low temperatures.
• Interfacial side reactions and mechanical instabilities remain critical challenges for ASSB performance in extreme cold.
• Advancements in solid electrolyte materials and interface engineering are crucial for overcoming current limitations.

Conclusions:

• ASSBs are essential for reliable energy storage in demanding low-temperature applications, surpassing LIB limitations.
• Further research and development are needed to address interfacial and mechanical challenges for widespread ASSB deployment.
• Optimizing ASSB components is key to unlocking their full potential for polar, military, and space exploration.