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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Antibiotic resistance patterns and resistance-associated genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae: insights from healthy

Azin Masroor1, Maryam Sadat Attarzadeh2, Ali Mojtahedi3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Theran, Iran.

Molecular Biology Reports
|July 27, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a growing concern. This study found high rates of penicillin resistance and multidrug-resistant strains in children, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant public health issue.
  • The study addresses the challenge of resistance to beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate antibiotic resistance patterns in pneumococcal isolates.
  • To characterize antibiotic resistance-associated genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Main Methods:

  • Collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 318 healthy children.
  • Identified S. pneumoniae using culture and biochemical tests.
  • Determined antimicrobial susceptibility via disk diffusion and E-test; performed PCR for resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • S. pneumoniae carriage found in 7.86% of children.
  • High resistance rates observed for penicillin (92%) and tetM (92%).
  • 52% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with ermB and mef(A/E) genes prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal carriage and resistance in pediatric populations is crucial.
  • Findings support evidence-based treatment strategies and public health interventions.
  • Highlights the need for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeBeta-lactam-resistantE-testErythromycin-resistant

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