Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress in Tunnel Safety Based on CiteSpace

Due to the ever-increasing complexity of tunnel spaces and the diversification of associated risks, a comprehensive understanding of tunnel safety research is essential. This study employs CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications on tunnel safety in the Web of Science Core Collection. The results show that the number of publications has increased steadily, with a significant surge after 2017. Central South University is the leading contributor, and Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology stands out as an important journal. The research is highly interdisciplinary, encompassing underground engineering, fire safety engineering and related disciplines, although collaboration networks among authors and institutions remain fragmented, reflecting limited synergy. Keyword analysis shows that research hotspots focus on tunnel fire safety and traffic accident analysis, with a transition from fundamental theory and risk assessment toward intelligent and system-oriented management. The field is shifting from traditional static analysis to dynamic operational safety analysis, multi-hazard coupled risk assessment, and system resilience evaluation. However, challenges remain in integrating digital technologies and transdisciplinary collaboration. Unlike traditional narrative reviews that often rely on fragmented or static assessments, this study provides a reproducible bibliometric framework for dynamically mapping the evolution of tunnel safety research. It offers methodologically structured insights for identifying emerging trends and guiding future interdisciplinary investigations.