[Renal Complications Of Cancer Immunotherapy]

Cancer immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have proven to be a very effective and well-established type of therapy for advanced malignancies. Although generally considered well tolerated, immune-related adverse events, which can sometimes be severe, do occur. Unlike other types of adverse events, immune-mediated renal toxicity is rare and can occur after significant delay. Diagnosing immune-mediated renal toxicity can often be difficult, due to possible alternative causes of acute kidney injury, especially in this particular patient population. Acute interstitial nephritis is the most common finding in kidney biopsies. In most cases, ICI-mediated nephritis can be treated effectively by discontinuing ICI therapy and initiating corticosteroid therapy. Renal outcomes are generally favorable. Other types of targeted immunotherapy, such as CAR-T-cell or BiTE therapies play a minor role in renal toxicity. However, due to their increase in usage, possible renal adverse effects of these therapies should receive greater attention.