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A Core Outcome Set for Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Settings: An International eDelphi Study and

Cansel Kocakabak1, Agnes van den Hoogen2, Aurelia Abenstein3

  • 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A core outcome set (COS) for family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was developed. This standardized set will improve consistency in evaluating FCC interventions and enhance evidence synthesis for better infant and family care.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric health outcomes
  • Evidence-based practice

Background:

  • Family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is known to improve infant and family outcomes.
  • Current FCC trials report outcomes inconsistently, hindering comparability and evidence synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a core outcome set (COS) for evaluating FCC interventions in neonatal intensive care settings.

Main Methods:

  • Outcomes were identified through systematic reviews and stakeholder focus groups.
  • A three-round eDelphi survey involving healthcare professionals, parents, and ex-NICU patients was conducted.
  • An expert consensus meeting finalized the core outcome set.

Main Results:

  • Initial reviews and focus groups identified 72 potential outcomes.
  • A multi-stakeholder Delphi process refined the outcomes, with 71% completing all three rounds.
  • The final 10-item COS includes parent-focused outcomes (bonding, readiness for discharge, stress, decision-making, knowledge) and infant-focused outcomes (pain/stress, growth, infection, length of stay).

Conclusions:

  • A standardized COS for FCC in NICUs has been established.
  • Implementing this COS will enhance consistency in outcome reporting across FCC research.
  • This standardization will strengthen evidence synthesis, leading to improved clinical practice and better outcomes for infants and families.
Abstract

Keywords:
Delphi studyconsensus meetingcore outcome setfamily-centered carehealth personnelinfantsneonatal intensive care unitsparentsresearch

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