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Optimizing Exercise Prescriptions for Cognitive Subdomains in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of
Qin Sun1, Yong He1, Huanyu Wang2
1College of Physical Education and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Exercise significantly improves memory and global cognition in people with diabetes. While executive function did not show overall improvement, specific exercise types and durations may offer benefits, requiring further research.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Exercise Physiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive decline, impacting executive function, memory, and attention.
- Exercise interventions are increasingly explored as a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate cognitive impairments in diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with diabetes.
- To examine the impact of exercise on specific cognitive domains: executive function, memory, attention, and global cognition.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus).
- Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing exercise interventions in diabetes patients.
- Quality assessment used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 and PEDro scale; subgroup analyses explored exercise variables.
Main Results:
- Exercise interventions demonstrated small-to-medium significant improvements in memory and global cognition.
- No statistically significant overall improvement was observed for executive function, but subgroup analyses showed trends with aerobic exercise, longer sessions, and longer intervention periods.
- Specific parameters for memory enhancement included aerobic or multicomponent exercise, sessions ≤60 min, weekly exercise ≤120 min, and interventions ≥12 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Exercise positively impacts global cognition and memory in individuals with diabetes.
- Optimal exercise protocols for memory enhancement involve aerobic/multicomponent exercise, ≥12 weeks duration, ≤120 min/week, and ≤60 min/session.
- Exploratory findings suggest targeted exercise parameters may benefit executive function, warranting further investigation in robust trials.
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