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Published on: December 5, 2025
Patient-Specific Virtual Surgical Planning and In-House CAD-/CAM-Guided Vascularized Bone Flaps for Salvage Extremity
Jaideep Seth1, Matthew D Marquardt1, Rachel Herster2
1College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing enhance vascularized bone flap (VBF) reconstruction for complex extremity bone defects. This technology is safe and feasible, improving accuracy and workflow for trauma patients.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Managing extremity bone defects, especially post-traumatic nonunions, presents significant surgical challenges.
- Vascularized bone flaps (VBFs) are underutilized in extremity reconstruction compared to head and neck surgery, often relying on freehand techniques with limitations.
- Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and CAD-CAM technology offer patient-specific 3D models for guided reconstruction, with limited documentation in extremity cases.