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Trivalent AMH-INH-RFRP DNA Vaccine Enhances Estrus and Ovulation Rates in Buffaloes
Chao Chen1,2, Xinxin Zhang3, Pei Nie4
1College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|July 28, 2026
Summary
This study shows that an AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccine improves buffalo reproductive efficiency. The vaccine, particularly at higher doses, increased estrus and ovulation rates by stimulating key hormones and follicular development.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Science
- Reproductive Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Low reproductive efficiency in buffaloes hinders agricultural economic development.
- A novel DNA vaccine strategy targeting anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin (INH), and RF-amide-related peptide (RFRP) was developed to enhance buffalo reproductive performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of an intramuscular AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccine in improving reproductive parameters in female buffaloes.
- To determine the optimal dosage and immune response generated by the DNA vaccine.
Main Methods:
- 120 female buffaloes were randomly assigned to four groups (n=30/group). Three groups received the AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccine at varying concentrations (3x10^8, 3x10^9, or 3x10^10 CFU/mL) via intramuscular injection, followed by a booster.
- The control group received a placebo (phosphate-buffered saline).
- Serum antibody titers against AMH, INH, and RFRP were measured using ELISA. Hormonal profiles (IL-4, IFN-γ, E2, P4) and ovarian dynamics (follicle size, growth rate, ovulation) were assessed.
Main Results:
- Vaccination, especially at higher doses (3x10^9 and 3x10^10 CFU/mL), significantly increased antibody titers against AMH, INH, and RFRP post-booster immunization.
- Elevated serum concentrations of IL-4, IFN-γ, and E2 were observed in the higher dose groups compared to controls.
- Significant increases in ovulatory follicle diameter, dominant follicle growth rate, estrus rate, and ovulation rate were noted in the T2 and T3 groups.
- No significant differences in conception rates or newborn calf parameters were observed.
Conclusions:
- Intramuscular immunization with the AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccine effectively enhances reproductive performance in buffaloes.
- The vaccine stimulates estrogen (E2) secretion and promotes follicular development, leading to improved estrus and ovulation rates, particularly at the highest dose.
- Further research may explore optimizing conception rates and long-term effects.
