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Efficient Semi-Quantum Secure Multi-Party Summation Protocol Based on Cancelable Random Masks and Its Applications
Dan Wang1,2, Diedie Yang3, Haibin Wang2
1School of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
This study introduces an efficient Semi-Quantum Secure Multi-party Summation (SQSMS) protocol using high-dimensional entanglement. It reduces communication overhead and enhances practicality for semi-quantum environments, enabling secure joint computations without full quantum capabilities from all parties.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Cryptography
- Quantum Computation
Background:
- Existing Quantum Secure Multi-party Summation (QSMS) protocols often require full quantum capabilities and pre-shared keys, leading to high communication overhead and limited practicality.
- Securely computing sums of private data across multiple parties is a fundamental challenge in quantum secure multi-party computation (QSMC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose an efficient Semi-Quantum Secure Multi-party Summation (SQSMS) protocol that overcomes the limitations of existing QSMS schemes.
- To enable secure multi-party summation with reduced communication overhead and enhanced practicality, especially in semi-quantum settings.
Main Methods:
- Developed a novel SQSMS protocol utilizing d-dimensional n-particle entangled states.
- Exploited global correlation properties of entangled states to generate correlated random masks directly from quantum measurement outcomes.
- Performed formal correctness and security analyses, and quantum circuit simulations using IBM Qiskit.
Main Results:
- The proposed SQSMS protocol reduces communication overhead by eliminating the need for additional mask distribution.
- Achieved improved quantum efficiency and practicality by requiring only simple measurements from classical participants.
- Demonstrated feasibility through formal analysis and quantum circuit simulations.
Conclusions:
- The developed SQSMS protocol offers a practical and efficient solution for secure multi-party summation in semi-quantum environments.
- The protocol's design, based on high-dimensional entanglement, simplifies security mechanisms and reduces reliance on complex quantum resources.
- Extended applications in anonymous voting, auctions, and ranking highlight the scheme's scalability and broad applicability.
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