Probabilistic Error-Corrected Controlled Dense Coding Under Bit-Flip Channels via Auxiliary Particles and Partially...

Area of Science:

• Quantum Information Science
• Quantum Communication

Background:

• Quantum dense coding enables transmitting two classical bits via one qubit using shared entanglement.
• Realistic quantum channels suffer from entanglement degradation and bit-flip noise, reducing capacity and increasing errors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a robust quantum dense coding protocol resilient to noise and entanglement degradation.
• To enhance channel capacity and reduce decoding errors in quantum communication.

Main Methods:

• Proposed a novel probabilistic controlled dense coding protocol.
• Implemented a three-qubit repetition code for error correction.
• Utilized an auxiliary qubit for probabilistic decoding.
• Incorporated a third-party supervisor using a three-qubit entangled state.

Main Results:

• Numerical simulations demonstrated higher average information transmission compared to standard dense coding.
• The protocol shows robustness under noisy conditions and with non-maximally entangled states.
• Successfully addressed challenges of entanglement degradation and bit-flip noise.

Conclusions:

• The proposed protocol offers a significant advancement for secure and efficient quantum communication.
• Provides a viable solution for practical quantum communication systems facing realistic channel imperfections.
• Enhances the reliability and performance of quantum dense coding.