Application of CRISPR-Cas9-Based Gene Editing Technology in Inherited Liver Diseases

Inherited liver diseases are predominantly caused by monogenic mutations, and the vast majority of these conditions currently lack curative treatment options. Although liver transplantation may be used for patients with end-stage disease, it faces numerous challenges, including donor organ shortage, immune rejection, and the need for lifelong immunosuppression. In recent years, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing technology has advanced rapidly, offering transformative hope for the treatment of these diseases. This review systematically elucidates the working principles and technical advantages of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and its derived tools (base editing and prime editing), summarizes recent applications of these technologies in the treatment of hereditary liver diseases, and discusses the prospects and challenges of their clinical translation, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for future research in this field.