Electronic Cigarette Use and Sleep Quality Among Young Adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based...

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between electronic cigarette use and sleep quality among young adults aged 18 to 25 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jazan region using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with global scores >5 indicating poor sleep quality. Smoking behaviors, including electronic and combustible cigarette use, along with demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables, were collected. Multivariable generalized linear modeling was used to identify factors independently associated with PSQI global scores. Results: Among 423 participants (median [IQR] age, 21.0 [20.0-24.0] years), 51.3% were classified as having poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). In univariate analysis, male, electronic cigarette use, and presence of comorbidity were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Electronic cigarette users had a higher prevalence of poor sleep compared with nonusers (64.0% vs. 46.6%; p = 0.01). In multivariable logistic regression, electronic cigarette use remained independently associated with increased odds of poor sleep (odds ratio [OR], 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31-6.24; p = 0.008), whereas combustible cigarette use was not significant. Conclusions: In this study of young adults in Jazan, poor sleep quality was common and was associated with electronic cigarette use and comorbidity burden, whereas combustible cigarette use was not associated after adjustment. These findings suggest that vaping may be an important correlate of sleep health in this population. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between electronic cigarette use and sleep outcomes.