Cognitive Distortions and Alexithymia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Their Association

Background/Objectives: The current study explored the relationship between cognitive distortions and alexithymia in 214 Saudi adults aged 20 to 45. Methods: Participants completed the Cognitive Distortions Scale and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results: Results showed a significant positive correlation between cognitive distortions and alexithymia. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that cognitive distortions were independently associated with overall alexithymia and difficulty identifying feelings after controlling for demographics, but not with difficulty describing feelings or externally oriented thinking. Gender moderation was non-significant across all outcomes, suggesting a similar cognitive-emotional pattern for both males and females. However, cognitive distortions partially accounted for the higher alexithymia scores observed in males, though this mediation finding should be interpreted cautiously given the unequal gender subgroup sizes. Culturally, these findings reflect norms in Arab societies, where emotional restraint-particularly among men-is often reinforced by values associated with honor and traditional masculinity. Such norms may inhibit emotional expression and contribute to higher levels of alexithymia. Additionally, collectivist orientations may foster cognitive styles that intersect with maladaptive cognitive distortions. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for culturally adapted cognitive-behavioral interventions that consider local beliefs about emotions and gradually enhance emotional awareness. Future research should examine the interplay of cultural, social, and religious factors with cognitive and emotional processes over time.