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Rethinking Dengue Preparedness in the Era of Climate Change, Urbanisation, and Digital Health: A Structured Narrative
Marco Dettori1,2, Giovanna Deiana2, Alessandra Palmieri1,2
1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Dengue is a complex public health issue driven by climate change, urbanization, and global mobility, requiring integrated strategies beyond traditional vector control. Enhanced preparedness is key to building resilient health systems against evolving dengue threats.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Dengue is an escalating global public health challenge, transcending traditional vector-borne disease classifications.
- Factors such as climate change, rapid urbanization, environmental shifts, and increased global mobility are altering dengue transmission dynamics and outbreak patterns.
- The review examines dengue through an integrated public health lens, emphasizing climate-sensitive transmission, urban health, surveillance, digital epidemiology, artificial intelligence (AI), and health communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a narrative review of dengue from an integrated public health perspective.
- To analyze the influence of climate change, urbanization, and digital ecosystems on dengue transmission and preparedness.
- To synthesize current knowledge on surveillance, AI, and health communication strategies for dengue management.
Main Methods:
- A structured narrative review was performed using literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (April-May 2026).
- Thematic search strategies were employed to cover key conceptual domains of dengue preparedness.
- Literature synthesis utilized a thematic narrative approach, organized around five interconnected preparedness domains.
Main Results:
- Dengue risk is expanding into new regions, driven by interconnected factors including climate variability, urbanization, and human mobility.
- Urbanization contributes to dengue risk through infrastructural inequalities, environmental degradation, and inadequate resource management.
- Integrated surveillance systems combining epidemiological, environmental, and mobility data are crucial; digital epidemiology and AI show promise but face limitations in data quality and implementation.
- Misinformation and communication challenges significantly impact public perception and adherence to interventions.
Conclusions:
- Dengue presents a systems-level public health challenge influenced by climate change, urbanization, environmental disruption, mobility, health systems, and digital factors.
- Conventional vector-control methods are insufficient; strengthening dengue preparedness is vital for public health resilience and health system adaptation.
- An integrated approach encompassing environmental, social, and technological factors is necessary for effective dengue management and preparedness.
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