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Mood Disorders and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Buket Yeşiloğlu1,2, Ümit Haluk Yeşilkaya3,4, Deniz Bengi5,6
1Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, 34010 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) frequently co-occur with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This meta-analysis highlights age and BMI as key factors influencing this comorbidity, suggesting tailored screening approaches.
Area of Science:
- Medical research, Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Mood disorders (MDD, BD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are prevalent, impacting public health.
- Emerging research suggests shared risk factors and bidirectional influences between mood disorders and OSA.
- The extent and influencing factors of this comorbidity remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders (MDD, BD) and OSA.
- To identify demographic and clinical factors moderating the prevalence of OSA in mood disorder patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, and APA PsycINFO (2013-2025).
- Meta-analyses using random-effects models with heterogeneity and meta-regression analyses.
- Inclusion of studies reporting on comorbid OSA and mood disorders, assessing demographic, clinical, and study quality variables.
Main Results:
- 23 studies met eligibility criteria, analyzing data from over 2.3 million OSA patients and over 5,700 mood disorder patients.
- Significant prevalence of comorbidity between OSA and mood disorders (MDD, BD) was found, with substantial heterogeneity.
- Meta-regression identified mean age (p=0.02) and mean body mass index (p=0.01) as significant moderators of OSA prevalence.
Conclusions:
- High comorbidity exists between OSA and mood disorders (MDD, BD), characterized by significant heterogeneity.
- Age and body mass index are key moderators influencing the prevalence of OSA in this population.
- Emphasizes the need for systematic screening and tailored clinical and research approaches for comorbid conditions.
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