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Novel Metformin-Containing Antibacterial Composite for Root Caries Restorations
Ayman Altamimi1,2,3, Ibrahim Ba-Armah4, Heba Alqarni1,2,5
1Dental Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
A new dental composite with metformin shows strong antibacterial effects against root caries and is safe for periodontal cells. This material offers a promising solution for restoring teeth and supporting gum health in vulnerable patients.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Materials Science
- Regenerative Dentistry
Background:
- Tooth root caries and periodontal tissue loss are significant challenges, especially for elderly and compromised patients.
- Current dental restorative materials lack essential antibacterial and regenerative properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel metformin-containing antibacterial composite for root cavity restorations.
- To prevent recurrent caries and potentially promote periodontal tissue regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Experimental composites incorporated 5% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and varying metformin concentrations (2.5-15%) with glass fillers.
- Evaluated mechanical properties, antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and cytocompatibility with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).
Main Results:
- Composites exhibited flexural strengths significantly higher than commercial controls (67.9-50.1 MPa vs. 41.3 MPa) with acceptable elastic moduli.
- Achieved an 8-log reduction in S. mutans biofilms, significantly decreasing lactic acid production and metabolic activity.
- The 15% metformin composite showed acceptable cytocompatibility with hPDLSCs, comparable to commercial controls.
Conclusions:
- The novel metformin composite demonstrates potent antibacterial activity and acceptable cytocompatibility.
- Adequate mechanical properties suggest its promise for multifunctional root caries restorations.
- This material could address unmet needs in treating root caries and supporting periodontal health.
