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Published on: March 29, 2019
Phytohormones and Shoot Branching: A Mini-Review of Molecular Regulatory Networks and Mechanisms
Xingxing Zhang1, Miao Chai1, Yijia Wu1
1The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
Abstract:
As a crucial component of plant architecture, shoot branching significantly enhances photosynthetic efficiency and optimizes the source-sink allocation of photosynthetic products, which directly impacts crop productivity. The formation of lateral branches is co-regulated by various internal and external factors, including genetic factors, phytohormones, metabolic, and environmental factors. In this review, we provide a mechanistic overview of the key regulatory events involved in axillary meristem (AM) formation and lateral branch development, emphasizing the significant regulatory roles of phytohormones (such as auxins, cytokinins, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and other phytohormones) in this process. Furthermore, we highlight the transcription factors SHOOT MERISTEM-LESS (STM) and BRANCHED1 (BRC1) as central hubs that integrate multiple hormonal signals to control AM initiation and lateral branch development, respectively. By elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of these key nodes, we propose future research directions that can provide a foundation for shaping ideal crop plant architecture through genetic engineering and breeding strategies.
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