Analysis of Population Structure and Selection Signature in Wadi Sheep Based on Resequencing Data

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Animal Genetics
• Conservation Biology

Background:

• The Wadi sheep (WAD) is a Chinese indigenous breed known for adaptation to challenging environments, disease resistance, high fertility, and meat quality.
• The purebred WAD population is declining due to the introduction of commercial breeds, threatening its genetic resources.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the population structure and genetic diversity of the Wadi sheep.
• To identify genomic regions and genes associated with WAD's unique traits for conservation and breeding.

Main Methods:

• Whole-genome resequencing data from 30 WAD sheep and 80 other sheep genomes.
• Population genomic analyses including Fst, pi ratio, and XP-EHH for selection signature analysis.

Main Results:

• Wadi sheep exhibit substantial genetic diversity and a distinct population structure.
• Identified 457 candidate genes under positive selection, linked to adaptation, immunity, growth, and reproduction.
• Genomic regions potentially responsible for WAD's adaptive traits were pinpointed.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a genomic basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wadi sheep.
• Findings support molecular breeding strategies to enhance WAD's valuable traits in lowland environments.